吸附—电化学法组合工艺处理废乳化液

以季铵盐改性硅藻土为吸油剂,采用吸附—电化学组合工艺处理拉丝废乳化液,优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明,在乳化液pH为5.0、吸油剂加入量为20 g/L、反应温度为25 ℃的最优条件下吸附除油15 min,然后在清液pH为8.5、阳极电流密度为4 A/dm²的最优条件下电化学反应4 h后,废水无色无味,COD为43 mg/L,ρ（NH₃-N）=0,ρ（Cu）= 1.6 mg/L,ρ（Zn）= 3.7 mg/L,浊度为1.1 NTU,达到GB 8978—1996污水综合排放标准。     

磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石的制备及其吸附水中Cd（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的性能

合成了一种高吸附容量的磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石复合材料（L-BC）,并用于去除水中的Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺。表征结果表明,采用浸渍联合热解法成功制备了磁性生物炭（M-BC）,水热合成法成功地将Mg-Fe水滑石负载在M-BC上。动力学研究结果表明,Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,化学吸附为速率控制步骤。等温吸附研究结果表明,L-BC对Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层化学吸附,最大吸附量分别为263.156 mg/g和43.291 mg/g。吸附机理主要为Mg-Fe水滑石层间CO₃^2-和表面羟基与Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺产生表面共沉淀。L-BC具有良好的吸附和重复利用性能,是一种很有前景的去除Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附材料。     

Mobility of heavy metals from polluted sediments of a semi-enclosed basin: in situ benthic chamber experiments in Taranto’s Mar Piccolo (Ionian Sea,Southern Italy)

In situ benthic flux experiments were conducted at two stations in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Italy), one of the most industrialised and contaminated coastal areas of the Mediterranean. Sediments of the two stations are notably different in their trace metal content, with a station closer to a Navy harbour showing higher mean concentrations of almost all investigated metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn). Conversely, both stations are characterised by significant Hg contamination, compared to the local baseline. Results of a sequential extraction scheme on surface sediments suggest a relatively scarce mobility of the examined metals (Zn > Ni > Cr > As > Cu > Pb). A Hg-specific extraction procedure showed that most of the element (93.1 %) occurs in a fraction comprising Hg bound to Fe/Mn oxi-hydroxides. Reduction of these oxides may affect Hg remobilisation and redistribution. Porewater profiles of dissolved trace metals were quite similar in the two sites, although significant differences could be observed for Al, Cu, Fe and Hg. The highest diffusive fluxes were observed for As, Fe and Mn. Mobility rates of several trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were directly measured at the sediment–water interface. Results from benthic in situ incubation experiments showed increasing dissolved metal concentrations with time, resulting in higher fluxes for Cu, Fe, Hg, V and Zn in the most contaminated site. Conversely, fluxes of Mn, Ni and Pb were comparable between the two stations. The estimated flux of Hg (97 μg m^?2 day^?1) was the highest observed among similar experiments conducted in other highly contaminated Mediterranean coastal environments. Benthic fluxes could be partially explained by considering rates of organic matter remineralisation, dissolution of Fe/Mn oxy-hydroxides and metal speciation in sediments. Seasonal and spatial variation of biogeochemical parameters can influence metal remobilisation in the Mar Piccolo area. In particular, metals could be promptly remobilised as a consequence of oxygen depletion, posing a serious concern for the widespread fishing and mussel farming activities in the area.     

Research status,challenges and future prospects of renewable synthetic fuel catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction conversion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, with global climate change, the utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource has become an important goal of human society to achieve...     

振荡辐射下PMMA 热解与着火过程研究

采用正弦波变化振荡的辐射热流,对热厚PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)的热解和着火过程进行研究,同时采用数值模拟,对实验结果进行验证和补充。结果表明,表面温度和深度温度随着时间而增加,温度由于周期性的辐射而发生振荡,而振荡幅度随着深度的增加而衰减;表面温度与深度温度振荡存在时间延迟;着火时间随着热流振荡周期的增大而减小,主要由于平均热流密度随着周期增大而增大。     

多点泄漏对天然气管道沿线压力的影响研究

为研究不同的多点泄漏工况对管道流动参数的影响，基于流动方程建立数学模型，讨论泄漏后压力下降幅值与泄漏位置、泄漏点数的关系，在室内输气环道采集多点泄漏工况下的压力信号并对理论分析结果进行验证。结果表明:泄漏点的上游和下游压力均减小，越靠近泄漏点压力降越大；2个泄漏点之间压力也下降，越靠近上游泄漏点，压力下降幅度越大；泄漏点距起点越近，泄漏引起的压力降低幅值越大。压力下降的幅值受距离起点最近的泄漏点位置影响最大，且随着泄漏点数的增多而增大。     

考虑岩石抗拉强度受围压影响的地层破裂压模型

预测地层破裂压力是地下流体注入工程中的关键问题，关系到工程的稳定性和安全性。根据地测资料，岩石的抗拉强度会随着围压产生变化，然而目前常见的地层破裂压预测模型均未考虑该因素。基于厚壁圆筒法，针对2种砂岩开展不同围压条件下的砂岩致裂试验，根据试验数据，计算各组试验中试样的抗拉强度，并拟合围压与岩石抗拉强度的关系函数。研究岩石抗拉强度随围压变化的规律，提出能在实际地层中表征该规律的参数，基于该参数对现有的地层破裂压模型进行修正，并结合实测数据验证修正模型的可靠性。研究结果表明:岩石的抗拉强度随着围压的增加呈现明显的线性正相关关系，低围压下，新模型的预测结果与实测数据较为接近。随着围压增加，二者的差异逐渐增大，说明选取的特征参数在低围压下能较好地描述抗拉强度受围压的影响效应，而高围压下参数的取值需进一步研究。     

临安区不同功能区道路降雨径流重金属污染特征及源解析

于2017—2018年对临安区不同功能区的道路进行道路降雨径流采样,分析降雨量、季节变化和街尘对临安区道路降雨径流重金属污染特征的影响,并运用主成分分析法进行重金属源解析。结果表明,临安区道路降雨径流污染较严重;降雨强度越大,重金属浓度下降更快且末期浓度更低;道路降雨径流中Cu呈现春夏季大于秋冬季,Zn、Cr呈现秋冬季大于春夏季,Pb、Ni呈现冬春季大于夏秋季的季节变化趋势;临安区街尘与道路降雨径流重金属污染存在一定的相关性;主成分分析表明重金属污染源主要为以电线电缆为主的工业活动和汽车损耗。     

Eulerian and Lagrangian time scales of the turbulence above staggered arrays of cubical obstacles

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - We present results from water-channel experiments on neutrally-stable turbulent flows over staggered arrays of cubical obstacles modelling idealised urban canopies....